Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the root of Anogeissus leiocarpus

Abstract

Traditionally, medicinal plants have been used to heal and treat a wide range of health conditions, including pain, inflammation, skin disorders, digestive troubles, and more. The primary emphasis of this investigation was the Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity and of Anogeissus leiocarpus (A. leiocarpus) root crude extracts. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods and antibacterial sensitivity test was carried out using agar diffusion method. The methanol extract contains screening Phytochemicals such as tannins, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides. On the other hand, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and cardiac glycosides are found in water crude extract. Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and yeast were the four bacterial strains used in the Agar diffusion method antimicrobial tests of both extracts. The methanol extract was shown to have a significant effect on the other strains, however it was less effective against Salmonella typhi (200 mg/ml, only 10 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (200 mg/ml, only 24 mm), Escherichia coli (200 mg/ml), and yeast (200 mg/ml, only 26 mm Zone of inhibition) ZOI. At the lowest concentration of 6.25 mg/ml for all microorganisms in the water extract, no ZOI was seen; nevertheless, the extract was susceptible to other strains, with the yeast strain exhibiting approximately 28 mm ZOI at 200 mg/ml. This confirms traditional healers' folkloric assertions and attests to the presence of bioactive chemicals in A. leiocarpus root that may have therapeutic value. As such, it may be a promising target for medication development.